The "Face of Giving"...

 

This little piggy's going to market...

We've launched a "Pig Campaign" this holiday season to raise funds to purchase pigs for women's income-generation in Karatu District. Our goal is to buy 110 pigs -- 90 female and 20 male -- and distribute them to 90 women in the communities of Rhotia Khainam, Kilima Tembo and Kambi ya Simba. Cdn $70 per pig includes purchase, transport, training, and follow-up and monitoring by CPAR field staff.

Women’s income-generating is an important component of CPAR’s Food Security Project. Our rural women partners want livestock to generate income – specifically pigs and dairy goats. Before they receive the pigs, we train the women in pig husbandry – how to care for the pigs, what to feed them, how to prevent and treat conditions like worms and foot & mouth disease – and the women are required to build a simple pig house out of locally available burnt bricks or thatch.


Nderingo with Rebekah Lazaro and her pig

Each woman receives one female pig, and the male pig is shared among five households or so, depending on their geographical location. The gestation period of a pig is 114 days – poetically 3 months, 3 weeks and 3 days. One litter is usually 8 to 12 piglets, and pigs can have 2 or even 3 litters in one year. One 90 kg 8-month old pig can fetch Tsh 270,000 (about Cdn $260), and they are immensely marketable in Karatu, Arusha and as far away as Dar es Salaam. Pork is popular!

CPAR's “Pay it Forward” principle requires each woman recipient to pass on 2 female pigs and training to two additional women. Considering that the average annual income of many households is only Cdn $288, pigs are an excellent boost to household cash. And, it's a well known fact that when women have access to cash it goes to support children's education, buy food for the household and improve the health of the family.

Our goal is to raise Cdn $7,700. Please visit CPAR's Face of Giving website today to purchase a pig and put cash in the hands of women.

Blog Action Day 2010: Water in Tanzania

Today is Blog Action Day 2010, and thousands of bloggers all over the world are blogging to draw global attention to the vital human right to safe, clean water. It is appropriate that we -- CPAR Tanzania -- should be blogging about water today because as we speak community members of Kerekekere village are accessing borehole water for the first time ever, and we have commenced drilling of another borehole at Haruzale village.

Members of Kerekekere Water Committee training in borehole maintenance

 

First borehole water at Kerekekere

Water is a huge challenge in rural Tanzania, so we've been taking a variety of approaches to supporting communities to meet their water requirements. This includes construction of rainwater harvesting tanks in primary schools; micro-irrigation schemes for women's vegetable and fruit gardening; and most recently support for community boreholes.

Words don't do justice when describing the kinds of water sources people are forced to turn to for their daily needs of drinking, cooking, bathing, handwashing, doing dishes and washing clothes. So, here are some shots...

Fetching water for home use
 

School kids fetching drinking water

Washing dishes and bathing in Lake Victoria

We are committed to supporting community solutions to water challenges and, as long as we can continue to obtain funding (the challenge of every non-profit organization), we will keep plugging away at the local level and telling you about it on this blog.

School kids drinking rainwater

In the meantime -- don't waste water, be grateful for the luxury of drinking from the tap and please feel free to donate to CPAR Tanzania through our website at Canadian Physicians for Aid and Relief .  

Boreholes in Bunda!

We have ventured into new territory. After six years of building rainwater harvesting infrastructure in primary schools in Karatu District, we are taking a different approach to address water challenges in Bunda District. Subsequent to hydrogeological and environmental assessments of Bunda, located in the Lake Victoria watershed, boreholes (deep water wells) are found to be a feasible solution to water problems faced by our project communities.

Karukekere village is a farming community about 8 km from Lake Victoria which is the largest lake in Africa, divided up among Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. (As a point of interest, the White Nile flows out of Lake Victoria at Jinja, Uganda.) Karukekere community members have depended on seasonal sloughs and water from the lake -- both contaminated -- to meet their water needs.

As Japhet, Nderingo and Elizabeth were on hand in Karukekere, pretty stressed out as we all waited for the drillers to strike 'gold', all of a sudden water erupted (see the photo above). Actually, any water project is stressful. With rainwater harvesting, we anxiously await the rains. With boreholes, even with the best information, there's still no iron-clad guarantee that you're going to end up with a reliable source of good quality water. That being said, things are looking very good at Karukekere as we await the results of the water analysis.

Drilling is but one component of a water project. How the water will be used is the really important focus. Tanzania's National Water Policy stipulates that every water point must be managed by a Water User Group (WUG). The WUG, made up of local women and men, ensures that the water source is used effectively and efficiently, and is conserved, protected and maintained. The WUG mediates any disputes that might arise and the members serve as representatives at District and Catchment level. CPAR is collaborating with Bunda District Water Department to train and support the Karukekere WUG, and we will then turn our attention to promoting good sanitation and hygiene practices.

Kildonan-East Collegiate - Tanzania 2010

It's been a long time coming... but after four years of global education in the classroom and inspired fundraising for our school rainwater harvesting activities, 18 students, 4 teachers and 7 family members from Kildonan-East Collegiate in Winnipeg finally arrived in Karatu to meet the kids, teachers and parents of Qaru Lambo and Gilala primary schools, and experience some things that life here has to offer.

Our first stop was Qaru Lambo Primary School where the Kildonan and Qaru Lambo kids got to meet each other and hang out for a very full, wonderful day.

Everybody signed the school guestbook, visited all the classrooms, the students sang and the whole community got involved. They welcomed our guests with a sumptuous lunch and celebrated with drumming and dancing.

The Kildonan students reciprocated with a resounding rendition of the "Hokey Pokey". Hey, you can't go wrong with the "Hokey Pokey".

By the end of the day, the Qaru Lambo kids and the Kildonan kids were playing competitive games of soccer, volley-ball and netball.

And that was just the start of the adventure. Check out Kildonan's blog of their experiences at KEC Tanzania 2010

Micro Irrigation at Work!

Farmer Field School women's groups in Kambi ya Simba are in the process of establishing large vegetable gardens and fruit orchards with the help of micro-irrigation equipment. Treadle pumps like the MoneyMaker pump and simple drip irrigation schemes can revolutionize production in arid areas dependent on rainfall.

As the women tested the pump, pumping water from a nearby stream, they were amazed at the velocity and reach of the spray.



Operating the MoneyMaker pump is kind of like working out on a stairmaster, and the school boys love it... at least, they do now until the novelty wears off.

Drip irrigation is very simple. A large bucket is placed on a stand, and lines of plastic tubing are laid throughout the garden. Water is applied (or "dripped") on a slow, even basis at root level so very little is wasted through evaporation or run off.

Simple, but very effective considering the time-consuming, tedious alternative of fetching bucket after bucket of water from the nearest water source to water by hand.

Gilala Primary School

Work is almost complete at Gilala Primary School, the second school supported by the students of Kildonan-East Collegiate in Winnipeg. Rainwater harvesting tanks have been constructed and the VIP latrine is a work in progress. Our CPAR Tz colleague Japhet Emmanuel was in Winnipeg recently where he met with Kildonan students to discuss the impact all their efforts have had on school children's lives in Karatu and to further prepare them for their upcoming visit to Tanzania. Check it out at Japhet in Winnipeg

Plant a tree!

The long rains are upon us, and have been for a while fortunately, so tree planting has been in full swing. With Earth Day 2010 looming, this seems like a good time to talk about the multi purposes and endless benefits of trees in Tanzania.

First, the macro benefit. Simply put, trees breathe in carbon dioxide, which poisons the air and contributes to global warming, and breathe out oxygen which is essential for life. It thus makes good sense to plant trees and use them responsibly.

Popular trees around here include fruit trees like guava and papaya which contribute to a healthier diet. Cassia trees provide shade and firewood, and serve as a windbreaker to control soil erosion. They beautify the environment with their bright yellow flowers.

Croton Megalocarpus provide building materials, live fencing, firewood, fodder, shade and medicine. Their leaves enrich the soil.

Grevillea Robusta are widely used among farmers for agroforestry because they grow fast, help control soil erosion, don't compete against food crops for nutrients and sunlight, and their leaves help to replenish the soil. They also attract bees. Other uses include firewood and timber.

The Acacia family is amazing. Acacia Drepanolobium, the mbalimbali tree, supplies firewood, fencing material, goat feed and is used to construct toilets. Acacia Xanthophloea, also known as the fever tree, is a source of building materials, live fencing, fencing posts, firewood, fodder, soil improvement through nitrogen fixing, and medicine. Acacia Tortillis, the umbrella thorn, is great for hosting bee hives, live fencing, fibre (rope), firewood, construction of furniture, tool handles, needles and even dye.

Manihot Glaziovii is a drought resistant species that provides shade and serves up vegetables during the lean season.

The Neem tree in addition to providing magnificent shade is used as a natural pesticide and has multiple medicinal uses.

Firewood is the main source of energy in rural households so ongoing tree planting is vital. People understand that. There is a big demand for seedlings. We have a tree nursery in our office compound which is becoming increasingly popular.

World Water Day 2010

Kids and rainwater at Mikocheni Primary School

Water! Here in rural Tanzania, we think about it and we worry about it constantly. Happily, it rained heavily on Saturday night and again last night. We were concerned that "the rains" had stopped in which case farmers, food production and the entire Karatu water supply would have been in trouble. Now it seems that "the rains" just might be continuing... but of course we can't be sure.

The theme for this year's World Water Day is "Clean Water for a Healthy World". Our Rainwater Harvesting project in rural primary schools harvests rainwater off school rooftops to provide clean water for drinking and handwashing which can then be recycled for cleaning classrooms and latrines, and planting trees.

Under our Food Security program with local farmers, we will be exploring other cost-effective forms of rainwater harvesting, such as plastic-lined open storage "tanks" made of earth, and the use of simple water technologies like treadle (foot operated) pumps to lift water from its source, and gravity-fed drip irrigation systems using tubing and buckets. We are presently training groups of women in Kambi ya Simba village to use these micro irrigation technologies to create large vegetable gardens. More on that later...

Conservation Agriculture in Zambia

Zambian farmer Maryo Lazaros showing his farm field

CPAR Tz was invited by the African Conservation Tillage (ACT) Initiative to go on a study tour to neighbouring Zambia to see Conservation Agriculture (CA) in action and learn from Zambian farmers. Deo has returned to Tanzania with some new ideas to try out with Karatu and Bunda farmers. He met farmers in Zambia using special hoes, called "shaka" hoes, to dig basins for planting maize. For farmers who cannot afford CA equipment such as the Magoye ripper (about $200), this is a more economical approach to practicing minimum tillage CA. It involves using a rope and shaka hoe to dig a series of basins in a straight line at even intervals for planting maize.

The Farmer Field School members in Karatu are impressed by the shaka method and have chosen to apply it in their fields. The good news is that it has finally started to rain in Karatu so the planting season for maize is happening now.

Karatu FFS members digging basins

Another discovery in Zambia was the Msangu tree (Faidherbia Albida). This indigenous tree is referred to as the winter shade tree because, unlike most trees, it loses its leaves during the rainy season. The leaves are mulched into the soil, enriching soil health, and the tree doesn't compete with crops for sunlight. As a result, crops planted close to the winter shade tree do very well.

Zambian CA farmers are also rotating maize and soy crops. Soy beans have multiple advantages -- they are nitrogen-fixing so enrich the soil, they are an effective cover crop and they are very nutritious. The farmers process the soy beans by first boiling them for 45 minutes to remove trypsin, a toxin, and then they are dehulled and dried in the sun. The soy beans are then milled to produce soy flour which is used for porridge, ugali and soy biscuits, or mixed with cassava flour to make soy-cassava cake. Soy flour fetches a good price on the market, much higher than soy beans, so we are checking out the potential market for soy flour in Tanzania.

Back to Blogging...

After a slight break in blogging, we're back for 2010! Our Bunda basecamp is up and running and Bunda farmer field schools are at work in their fields. Bunda's major growing season is November-December while Karatu's big season is starting now.

We provided ox ploughs to members of Karatu Farmer Field Schools (FFS) in November and December, and distributed short maturity papaya seedlings from our tree nursery for planting around households. The recipient farmers will in turn serve as a source of papaya seeds for other community members. Most recently we've been delivering improved maize, lablab and pigeon pea seeds to FFS members to establish revolving seed loan funds. After harvest, they pay cash for the seeds into the revolving fund, and are then able to purchase seeds in bulk the next planting season to distribute to a greater number of farmers. We actually purchased the lablab seeds from our FFS farmers from previous years, who continue to collaborate successfully in Savings and Credit Cooperatives where they pool their funds to provide loans to the members.

Our problem now is the lack of rain in Karatu...